本文所有英文字段均引用自
“The Hero with a Thousand Faces (The Collected Works of Joseph Campbell)”
Electronic Edition (with revisions and additions) copyright ©2020 by Joseph Campbell Foundation
“我们来到了两个阶段:第一,从没被创造的(Uncreated)创造物处立刻散发出来成为神话时代流动而永恒的人物;第二,由被创造的(Created)创造物形成人类历史领域”「1」,“因此,宇宙循环现在被向前推进,不是由已经看不见的神,而是由或多或少具有人类性格的英雄,通过这些人实现世界的命运”「2」,“形而上学向史前历史让位,最初可能是暗淡和模糊的,但是在细节上逐渐清晰明确”「3」。
上一小节提到的米西被孩子杀死以后,他的孩子开始主宰命运。
中国的编年史上,伏羲(牛头蛇身)和之后的神农(牛头人身)“讲述在过去,皇帝是一个特殊的创造世界和维持世界的载体,其体内的力量远远大于正常人”「4」,之后繁重的创世工作过去以后,世界不再需要具有超能力的超人,“因此,宇宙循环中产生了一个以人类形式存在的皇帝,他将成为后世人类国王的典范”「5」。
黄帝在神农之后出现,“他与众不同的天赋是他来自梦的力量:在睡眠中,他可以来到最远的地区,并且在超自然的国度里和不朽者交往”「6」。
解读时间:
看到这里读者应该能明白一件事情,第一部分里,坎贝尔是以英雄的视角阐述了神话的共性。但是在第二部分里,坎贝尔跳出了人类的视角,从宇宙的视角看待神话中英雄的表征意义。
第一章里他提到了散发(Emanations),讲到了宇宙循环,从这一章开始坎贝尔讲的是如何在宇宙循环中看待英雄的演变。
原文:
We have come two stages: first, from the immediate emanations of the Uncreated Creating to the fluid yet timeless personages of the mythological age; second, from these Created Creating Ones to the sphere of human history。 (P434)The cosmogonic cycle is now to be carried forward, therefore, not by the gods, who have become invisible, but by the heroes, more or less human in character, through whom the world destiny is realized。 (P434)Metaphysics yields to prehistory, which is dim and vague at first, but becomes gradually precise in detail。
(P434)……tell of a past when the emperor was the carrier of a special world-creating, world-sustaining power, very much greater than that represented in the normal human physique。 (P435)Accordingly, the cosmogonic cycle yields an emperor in human form who shall stand for all generations to come as the model of man the king。 (P436)His distinguishing endowment was his power to dream: in sleep he could visit the remotest regions and consort with immortals in the supernatural realm。 (P436)
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